• Package Description:�17 fl. oz.Serving Size:�..Number of Servings:�...
• DESCRIPTION DETAILS FACTS DIRECTIONS WARNINGS Establishes similar water conditions to those found in blackwater rivers, many of whichare home to important aquarium fishes and s. May be used to help simulate the onset of the rainy season for encouragement of fish spawning. Provides humic substances (humic and fulvic ), complex bio- moleculesknown to increase the availability of important ents (such as iron, calcium, magnesium, molybdenum, copper, manganese, zinc, cobalt, and nickel) to s, potentially enhancing the effectiveness of ent solutions in aquaria. Formulated utilizing extensive research on aquatic ent requirements and riverine water chemistry. Technical BackgroundHumic substances are natural derivatives of materials found in soils and, more importantly (for aquarium hobbyists), in many forested streams and rivers. They are collectively comprised of humic and fulvic s, which are the product of the natural decomposition of proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and lignins of and/or animal origin. A characteristic of humic substances is their deep brown color, which is responsible for the color of soil.Soluble humic substances increase the bioavailability of multivalent cations (many of which are important ents for s) to s considerably by forming temporary bonds with these ions and making their uptake by s more direct; this increases the effectiveness that water care products containing these ions will have in ed aquaria. Blackwater rivers are so-called because of the coloration of the water, which ranges from light- to dark-brown (as a result of the presence of humic substances), but is transparent. There are many important blackwater rivers in the Amazon and Orinoco River drainages, as well as throughout forested regions of Southeast Asia, all origins of many families of important aquarium fishes. Blackwater biotope aquaria are therefore desirable when attempting to maintain these fishes. Gradually increasing the concentration of humic substances in aquaria is an effective method of encouraging spawning in fishes, particularly for Discus, Cardinal Tetras, and other inhabitants of such blackwater rivers as Brazil's Rio Negro. In general, the concentration of humic substances increases substantially during periods of excessive precipitation and/or flooding (e.g. rainy season), which is also when fishes in many river systems spawn. The addition of Brightwell Aquatics BlackWater to an aquarium will slightly ify the water, and will discolor it in direct correlation with the dosage used, the volume of the water in the entire aquarium system, and the method(s) of filtration employed; in general, the greater the dosage employed, the more pronounced the change in water coloration will be. BlackWater will also soften water as a result of the natural chelating action of humic substances. These are all important environmental and/or cues utilized by fishes for the onset of spawning. Package Description: 17 fl. oz. Serving Size: .. Number of Servings: .. Ingredients: Purified water, Humic , Fulvic , Niacin, Calcium pantothenate, Thiamine hydrochloride, Riboflavin, Pyridoxine hydrochloride, Biotin, Folic , Cyanocobalamin. Instructions and Guidelines filtration media that aggressively absorb material (such as macroporous resins) will quickly extract humic substances from aquarium water, which is useful when trying to eliminate these substances but is otherwise to be avoided when dosing this product. Activated carbon has limited effectiveness for this purpose. Basic: Add 5 ml (1 capful) of BlackWater per 20 US-gallons (75.7 L) of aquarium water once each week; when used in this fashion, 250 ml treats up to 1,000 US-gallons (3,785 L). If desired, dosage may be increased to obtain specific degrees of water coloration and/or increased bioavailability of certain ents to s (see site panel); se.

Establishes similar water conditions to those found in blackwater rivers, many of whichare home to important aquarium fishes and s.May be used to help simulate the onset of the rainy season for encouragement of fish spawning. Provides humic substances (humic and fulvic ), complex bio- moleculesknown to increase the availability of important ents (such as iron, calcium, magnesium, molybdenum, copper, manganese, zinc, cobalt, and nickel) to s, potentially enhancing the effectiveness of ent solutions in aquaria. Formulated utilizing extensive research on aquatic ent requirements and riverine water chemistry. Technical BackgroundHumic substances are natural derivatives of materials found in soils and, more importantly (for aquarium hobbyists), in many forested streams and rivers. They are collectively comprised of humic and fulvic s, which are the product of the natural decomposition of proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and lignins of and/or animal origin. A characteristic of humic substances is their deep brown color, which is responsible for the color of soil.Soluble humic substances increase the bioavailability of multivalent cations (many of which are important ents for s) to s considerably by forming temporary bonds with these ions and making their uptake by s more direct; this increases the effectiveness that water care products containing these ions will have in ed aquaria.Blackwater rivers are so-called because of the coloration of the water, which ranges from light- to dark-brown (as a result of the presence of humic substances), but is transparent. There are many important blackwater rivers in the Amazon and Orinoco River drainages, as well as throughout forested regions of Southeast Asia, all origins of many families of important aquarium fishes. Blackwater biotope aquaria are therefore desirable when attempting to maintain these fishes.Gradually increasing the concentration of humic substances in aquaria is an effective method of encouraging spawning in fishes, particularly for Discus, Cardinal Tetras, and other inhabitants of such blackwater rivers as Brazil's Rio Negro. In general, the concentration of humic substances increases substantially during periods of excessive precipitation and/or flooding (e.g. rainy season), which is also when fishes in many river systems spawn. The addition of Brightwell Aquatics BlackWater to an aquarium will slightly ify the water, and will discolor it in direct correlation with the dosage used, the volume of the water in the entire aquarium system, and the method(s) of filtration employed; in general, the greater the dosage employed, the more pronounced the change in water coloration will be. BlackWater will also soften water as a result of the natural chelating action of humic substances. These are all important environmental and/or cues utilized by fishes for the onset of spawning.